In 1956 , Astounding Science Fiction gushed about the wonders of a reactionless space driveinvented in 1956 by Norman L. Dean . It could motivate a converted atomic hero sandwich into infinite , editor John W. Campbell write . He added , “ The modern nuclear submarine is , in fact , a in full competentspace - vehicle . . . miss only the Dean Drive . ”
He chose a sub of the Skate year for his retrieve experiment . With thereactionless infinite parkway , the pigboat would reverse off the earth at aconstant 1 universal gravitational constant quickening , which could be maintained nonstopfor month , if necessary . There would be , as a consequence , no sentience of free fall for the crew . Gravity would appear to be earthly concern - normal . “In flight , ” Campbell wrote , “ the ship will simply lift out of the sea , come up vertically , keep a unvarying 1,000 cm / sec / sec drive . midway to Mars , it would loop its course , and decelerate the residue of the way at the same rate . ”In adapting the submarine to space duty , he enjoin . “ There is one factor that has to be ingest into account , however ; the fumes steamfrom the turbine has to be recondensed and return to the boiler . In the ocean , ocean urine is used to cool the capacitance ; in spaceno cooling water system is usable . ”
A vast bag - like balloon would be attach to the starship , silver on one side , painted black on theother , and of whatever diameter need to operate by rights ( unless it was elastic and ego - adjusting ) . This would act as the condenserfor the exhaust fumes steam . “The tough part is the first hundred miles up from Earth ; there air resistance will forestall usance of the balloon condenser . ”
Campbell suggested that the ship carry along spare water in the strain of ice . By the clip it melt , the ship would be above theatmosphere . “Under the acceleration conditions described above , a ship can make the trip from Earth to Mars , when Mars is closest , in lessthan three day . . . It would have been nice if , in response to Sputnik I , the United States had been able to give up full photographicevidence of Mars Base I. ”
The Dean Drive had been formulate by a Washington , D.C. , man of affairs , Norman L. Dean , as a hobby . He built severalworking models , none of which were able to abstract themselves ( and I that allegedly did were claim to have been destroyed in the process oftesting ) .
Norman Dean
The Dean Drive , in converting circular apparent movement into a unidirectional motion , generates a one - agency force , without anyreaction . To do this , a pair of sideboard - rotating masses generated a nonreactive forcefulness . That is , in the casing of Newton ’s law that for every action there is an equal but opposite reaction , for the Dean Drivethere is an action without any reaction , equal or otherwise . Dean ’s data divulge that , neglecting loss due to friction , a 150 - horsepower motor would develop 6,000 pound sterling of thrust .
Campbell and Dean and the machine
When John Campbell prove the twist he intromit that “ I do not understand Mr. Dean ’s theory very intelligibly ; my personal impression is that he does n’t understand the thing in a theoretic sentience , himself . ”
In the Drive , two riposte - rotate masses ( about 1/2 pound for each one ) spin out on shafts in a light skeletal system . The complete exemplar weighed about 3pounds . Normally , with such twist , a powerful oscillation would be produced . However , Dean changed the kernel of rotation ofthe masses as they spun . This detail itself had no mass , so no vigor was want to move it . “ In the rotation of those buffet - rotatingmasses , ” explain Dean , “ there is a finical phase - slant such that the horizontal vectors are scrub , and the vertical vector is upwards , and exactlyequal to the system of weights of the two masses . At that instant , the wanton framework can be moved upward without exert any military force on themasses . ”
In the presentation model Campbell see , a small solenoid moved the frame carry the rotating masses at the properinstant . The result of forcing the spate “ to rotate about two different centers of gyration at the same time ” is “ rectified centrifugalforce . ”Dean keep that during mathematical process of the tabulator - revolve geek the heart of the system was the intricate phase relationshipwhich must exist . The rigid association between match shafts and the riposte - rotation of masses produced a cancellation offorces and reactions sire in all directions except in the guidance of the hope vibration . This was always parallel to a planeperpendicular to the axes of revolution of the two wad . The resultant role of the cancellation was an oscillation produce by the resultantforces which represented the centre of the components of all effect acting in the direction of a plane at correct angles to the shaft axes . Thus , claimed Dean , such a freely suspend oscillating organisation was not subjected to any other reaction or force . The use of sixproperly phased pair would produce an almost continuous thrust .
Western Gear Corp. run tests on the Dean machine and conclude that it could n’t work , although some computing machine simulations contradicted this . At the same time , rocket innovator Alfred Africano come back that several years earlier he had enjoyed a “ ride ” on a similar gadget developed on Long Island byAssen Jordanoff , the far-famed air expert . The 500 - quid man - carry vehicle fall upon a speed of 1/3 miles per hour . It ’s authoritative to point out , though , that this movement was horizontal , not vertical .
And twenty years prior to Dean , inventor S. J. Byrnedevised , on newspaper publisher at least , an antigravity method based on displaced inertial masses that he called the “ planetary rotor . ” Hedid not think that his innovation duplicates Dean ’s , but rather complemented it and offered to link up forces with the Washingtoninventor . ( It is interesting to note that Ernst Mach , of Mach number fame , in his book pass away Mechanik in ihrer Entwickling , 1883 , and which was published in 1902 in the United States as The Science of Mechanics , with legion offprint up to the sixties , described and illustrated a car very similar to Dean ’s . The young Robert Goddardalso toyed with an mind similar to Dean ’s .
https://gizmodo.com/robert-goddards-secret-plan-for-the-future-of-humankin-1491133393
Ultimately , the Air Force Office of Scientific Research turned the equipment over to direct Jacob Rabinow to value . Rabinowconcluded that the system “ does not have any strange properties ” and that it “ can not bring out a unidirectional momentum . ” Hedid not even consider it an efficient vibrator or impact machine . The demonstration simple machine only gave the fancy of generatinga force without an equal and opposite chemical reaction by have use of the static rubbing of the burden against the floor , similar to theway in which a person on tumbler pigeon skate can move across a base by sway his body to and fro . In the absence of static detrition the machine did not do as claimed .
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